Buddhist Art in Japan Essay -- Art Artistic Arts Buddhist Buddhism Ess

Buddhist Art in Japan Buddhism had an important role in the development of Japanese art between the sixth and the sixteenth centuries. Buddhist art and religion came to Japan from China, with the arrival of a bronze Buddhist sculpture alongside the sutras. Buddhist art was encouraged by Crown Prince Taishi in the Suiko period in the sixth century and Emperor Shomu in the Nara period in the eighth century. In the early Heian period Buddhist art and architecture greatly influenced the traditional Shinto arts, and Buddhist painting became fashionable among the wealthy class. The Amida sect of Buddhism provided the basis for many artworks, such as the bronze Great Buddha at Kamakura in the thirteenth century. Many of the great artists during this Kamakura period were Buddhist monks, and Buddhist art became popular among the masses with scroll paintings, paintings used in worship and paintings of saints, hells and other religious themes. Under the Zen sect of Buddhism, portraiture of priests became popular. Ho wever, Zen had less use for religious images and by the mid sixteenth century most painting in Japan was of landscapes and secular themes. Buddhist art was introduced to Japan along with the Buddhist religion in 552 AD. Almost all the art produced in this Suiko period in Japan was to do with the new religion. "The introduction of the Buddhist faith had from the very start gone hand in hand with the introduction of Buddhist images." (Munsterberg 1985: 19) These Buddhist images included Chinese scrolls depicting the life of Buddha, at first copied by Chinese priests in Japan, later painted by the Japanese themselves. With the introduction of Buddhism, temples were needed for the practicing of the religion. This consisted of ... ...se Art Kodansha Ltd, Tokyo, Japan. Jarves, J (1984) A Glimpse at the Art of Japan Charles E. Tuttle, Tokyo, Japan. Kleiner, F.S., Mamiya, C.J., Tansey, R.G. (2001) Gardeners Art Through the Ages. Eleventh Edition, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando, USA. Kobayashi, T. (1975) Nara Buddhist Art: Todai-ji. John Weatherhill Inc, NY, USA & Heibonasha, Tokyo Mizuno, S. (1974) Asuka Buddhist Art: Horyu-ji John Weatherhill Inc, NY, USA & Heibonasha, Tokyo Munsterberg, H. (1985) The Arts of Japan An Illustrated History Charles E. Tuttle, Tokyo, Japan. Reeve, J. (1990) Living Arts of Japan British Museum Publications Ltd. London, UK Stanley-Baker, J. (2000) Japanese Art Thames & Hudson, London, UK Smith, B. (1979) Japan A History in Art Gemini Smith Inc. Tokyo, Japan Tsuda, N. (1976) Handbook of Japanese Art Charles E. Tuttle, Rutland, Vermont, USA.

Elderly Sexual Activity And Health Health And Social Care Essay

As Lindau et Al. ( 2003 ) point out, gender involves the forming of a partnership and pertains to the behaviours, attitudes, map and activity of sexually active persons. Sexual activity has been associated with wellness ( Addis, Van Den Eeden and Wassel-Fyr, 2006 ; Laumann, Nicolosi and Glasser, 2005 ) , and complaint and disease might significantly impair sexual wellness ( Schover, 2000 ) . Aged people are receivers of a broad array of devices and medicines which aim at handling jobs of a sexual nature. While the demand for services and medicine pertaining to sexual wellness is increasing, however non much is known about the sexual behaviour of grownups over 65 old ages of age. In the developed states, the chronological age of 65 old ages old is mostly accepted as a cut-off point for categorization of a individual as ‘older ‘ or ‘elderly ‘ . While common definitions of the 3rd age such as this are so practically utilised, there exists no general consensus as to the point in clip when one really becomes old. Normally, the clip in life when one becomes eligible for a pension is adopted as declarative mood of old age. The United Nations do non utilize a standardised standard, but however agrees to 60+ old ages as mentioning to the aged ( WHO, 2010 ) . A definition of ripening is provided by Gorman ( 2000 ) : ripening is a extremely preset biological procedure which eludes human control. At the same clip, ageing is defined in a constructivist universe, where different societies assign different significances to old age. Chronological age is seen as most of import in developed states. The age between 60 and 65 is taken to mean the oncoming of old age. By contrast, in many developing states, age by old ages bears little relationship to the definition of old age. In such states, the significance of old age may depend alternatively on the functions that are been assigned to older people, or even on the loss of previously-held functions, which may come as a consequence of natural physical diminution. In amount, while the developed universe defines old age in a mode extremely chronological, the same is frequently non true for developing states, where people start to be perceived as elderly when their active function engagement is no long er possible ( Gorman, 2000 ) . Harmonizing to a definition by the World Health Organization ( 2001 ) , gender is â€Å" a natural portion of human development through every stage of life and includes physical, psychological, and societal constituents † ( p. 13 ) . Another definition of gender provided by Rheaume and Mitty ( 2008 ) states that gender is a â€Å" nucleus dimension of life that incorporates impressions, beliefs, facts, phantasies, rites, attitudes, values, and rights with respect to gender individuality and function, sexual Acts of the Apostless and orientation, and facets of pleasance, familiarity, and reproduction † and involves biological, psychological, societal, economic, spiritual, religious and cultural constituents ( p. 342 ) . Health is defined as â€Å" a province of complete physical, mental and societal wellbeing and non simply the absence of disease or frailty † ( WHO, 2001, p. 8 ) . In bend, sexual wellness â€Å" implies a positive attack to human gender and is hence an indispensable constituent of generative wellness. It includes the integrating of bodily, emotional, rational, and societal facets of an person in ways which positively enrich and enhance personality, communicating, love and human relationships † ( p. 13 ) . Sexual wellness, non unlike physical wellness, is viewed as a province of wellbeing where there is an outlook of enjoyable experiences without the invasion of negative feelings such as shame, fright, force per unit area or force. In maintaining with this definition, Calamidas ( 1997 ) suggests that place or assisted-living nurses can play a important function in the quality of aged people ‘s life through assisting them attain and continue a positive mentality to ward the look of their single gender. Historically, a big proportion of today ‘s aged people grew up and lived during a clip when societal norms were both conservative and gender-biased. Broadly talking, sexual intercourse was considered as a enjoyable experience chiefly for the work forces while adult females were thereby expected to sexually fulfill their hubbies and to do babes ( Hajjar and Kamel, 2003 ) . Peoples that today are over 70 old ages old may hold really ‘missed ‘ the sexual revolution of the sixtiess in the context and societal conditions under which it took topographic point, since they were already married and engrossed in their work and household life. This interesting analysis by Hajjar and Kamel ( 2003 ) returns to reason that the challenges to familiarity and gender faced by that age group may be partially due to the acceptance of a instead conservative set of values and beliefs about gender, a limited handiness and entree to knowledge on gender, and a deficiency of experiencing com fy with their gender. Rheaume and Mitty ( 2008 ) suggest that nowadays the traditional stereotypes sing ripening, familiarity and gender are being reexamined ; that is, the point of position is promoted that a desire for familiarity and for sexual contact does non hold to discontinue at any point during the life-time. Knowledge on the sexual activity of the aged people nevertheless is far from complete, particularly within a cross-cultural context every bit good as with mention to educational and fiscal position. In this visible radiation, the generalizability of research findings in this country is instead hindered. Oftentimes, this means that wellness professionals may be left â€Å" slightly in the dark † refering the wants and demands of older grownups as to their gender ( Rheaume and Mitty, 2008, p. 342 ) .Sex of the AgedThe National Social Life, Health and Aging Project ( NSHAP ) has taken up the undertaking of garnering informations on the sexual activity, behaviours and jobs of aged people ( Lindau et al. , 2007 ) . The findings of the national American sample of NSHAP show that while sexual activity tends to diminish with age, most older grownups continue to bask intimate marital or other relationships, every bit good as see their gender an of import facet of life. The bulk of persons aged 57 to 85 old ages old, and about one in three of persons aged between 75 85 old ages old were active sexually. Even in their 80s or 90s, the aged may pattern sex and/or onanism ( Lindau et al. , 2007 ) . There is grounds to propose that some work forces and adult females retain their sexual desire and partnership during the whole of their life ( Addis et al. , 2006 ; AARP, 1999 ; Nicolosi, Laumann and Glasser, 2004 ; Bacon et al. , 2003 ) . Some of these surveies nevertheless have relied on comparatively little sample sizes, and have utilized non-random sampling methods. Taking into consideration the above unfavorable judgments, Lindau et Al. ‘s ( 2007 ) survey examined the happening of sexual activity in sexually active participants and did non happen significantly lessening with old age. At the same clip, the degrees of reported sexual activity in respondents between 60 and 74 old ages old were comparable to the degrees reported by grownups from 18 to 59 old ages old, in a broad US study ( Laumann et al. , 1994 ) . Adults aged 65 old ages and over can retain an active and fulfilling sexual life throughout their old ages ( WHO, 2002 ) . Frequent sexual activity is normally reported after in-between age ( Janus and Janus, 2003 ) . In the study of the American Association of Retired Persons ( AARP, 1999 ) including 1384 aged persons, although sexual activity was reported as being enjoyable, no overarching understanding was reached as to the importance of sex toward keeping a good relationship. The research by AARP ( 1999 ) besides found that old grownups who have spouses tend to experience that a carry throughing sexual relationship is of import, as opposed to old grownups with no spouses. Men older than 75 were more likely to hold a partner or spouse and appeared to keep more favourable attitudes or more involvement towards sex than did adult females of the same age. Work force, whether they had a spouse or non, reported a higher frequence of ideas, feelings and phantasies related to sex than by and large did adult females. Steinke et Al. ‘s ( 2008 ) research with healthy aged people reported that the lesser wellness limitations of the aged helped them to retain their sexual activity throughout the class of their lives. Womans in their 3rd age normally demonstrate a larger decline of sexual activity with clip than make same-aged work forces ( Lindau et al. , 2007 ) . Harmonizing to the consequences of a transnational study of individuals 40 to 80 old ages of age ( Laumann, Paik and Glasser, 2006 ) , adult females tend to believe of sex as a less of import aspect of life than make work forces, and they besides tend to describe more absence of pleasance from it. The finding of the kineticss that are involved in sexual satisfaction are of peculiar importance here ( Carpenter, Nathanson and Kim, 2009 ) . Henderson-King and Veroff ( 1994 ) and Sprecher ( 2002 ) have found that sexual satisfaction enhances the person ‘s wellbeing, while it promotes the stableness of a matrimony and of other personal relationships. A better cognition of the factors that promote and lessen sexual satisfaction may assist in the development of better-suited clinical and policy intercessions against sexual jobs ( Bancroft, 2002 ) . As populations age, a sound apprehension of sexual activity in aged people is going more and more relevant ; people now enjoy longer and healthier lives, attitudes toward gender are being transformed and the importance of a fulfilling sexual life toward the attainment of personal felicity is being recognized ( Seidman, 1991 ; Calasanti & A ; Slevin, 2001 ) .Quality of lifeA figure of writers have suggested that physicians and policy- makers are going more and more aware of the importance of human gender for wellness and for good quality of life across the life span ( Lindau et al. , 2007 ; Satcher, 2001 ; WHO, 2002 ) . In his description of the cross-cultural survey of the World Health Organization, ‘Quality of Life/Older Adults ‘ ( including such subjects as liberty, activity, functionality, familiarity, relationships, socialisation, decease, and deceasing, Robinson ( 2007 ) states that gender, wellness position and personal relationships were all significantly related to quality of life. Many surveies have found that sexual activity bears a important relationship to length of service and positive wellness results ( Palmore, 1982 ; Davey Smith, Frankel and Yarnell, 1997 ; Onder et al. , 2003 ) .Sexual jobsSince the beginning of the twenty-first century new and considerable attending has been paid to the gender of the aged as a consequence of the creative activity of drugs that treat erectile disfunc tion. Male erectile disfunction, if treated efficaciously, can protract the active sex life of the aged of both genders throughout life ( Lindau, 2010 ) . As Cambois, Robine and Hayward ( 2001 ) point out, in many states sexual jobs comprise a major issue for aged people ; in the United States, about one in two 57 to 85 twelvemonth olds who are sexually active study that they have at least one sexual quandary, and one in three reference at least two such afflictions. Consequently, the bulk of the aged people in Lindau et Al. ‘s ( 2007 ) survey did describe teasing jobs of a sexual nature, and about one in four sexually active aged participants of both genders refrained from sexual intercourse as a consequence of a sexual job topic to curative intercession. During the passage to old age, alterations in physiology can impair the sexual reactivity of aged adult females and work forces, while they may impact, either negatively or positively, their sexual map ( Bachmann and Leiblum, 2004 ; Rosen et al. , 2005 ) . Different facets of gender had been found to hold a negative correlativity with hapless wellness and age ( Laumann et al. , 2005 ; Schover, 2000 ; Laumann, Paik and Rosen, 1999 ; Camacho and Reyes-Ortiz, 2005 ) . Isselbacher et Al. ( 1994 ) and Rosen et Al. ( 2005 ) province that jobs of a sexual nature may move as precursors or as epiphenomena to important infections or diseases such as diabetes or malignant neoplastic disease. Sexual jobs that go unnoticed and/or untreated may take to or co-occur with depression and societal backdown ( Nicolosi et al. , 2004 ; Morley and Tariq, 2003, Araujo et al. , 1998 ) . Medicine prescribed to the aged may hold an inauspicious consequence on sexual life ( Finger, Lund and Slagle, 1997 ) ; eve n medicine which treats sexual jobs may hold inauspicious wellness effects ( Lindau et al. , 2006 ; Gott, Hinchliff and Galena, 2004 ) . Steinke et Al. ( 2008 ) besides found that aged participants who were non active sexually showed a deterioration of sexual self-concept, self-efficacy, and satisfaction. In Konstam, Moser and De Jong ‘s ( 2005 ) research, a heightened self-efficacy was demonstrated to better on both sexual map and emotional operation, non excepting depression.Health and genderLindau et Al. ‘s ( 2007 ) survey found sexual activity to be positively related to the physical wellness of the aged, peculiarly in aged work forces. In general, healthy persons of all ages were more likely to prosecute in matrimonial or other intimate relationships and to be more sexually active. Furthermore, physical wellness was found to be related to different aspects of sexual map, every bit good as sexual jobs, irrespective of age ; similar findings have been reported by other research workers ( Laumann et al. , 1999 ; Bacon et al. , 2003 ) . It is advisable so that, when specific conditions apply, aged people who have wellness jobs or who are to have intervention which may act upon their sexual operation may necessitate to be evaluated based on their wellness position alternatively of their age ( Laumann et al. , 2005 ) . In a representative national analysis, Lindau ( 2010 ) assessed the relationship between gender, as measured per sexual activity and quality of sex life, and planetary self-reported physical wellness in mature and aged grownups. Lindau ( 2010 ) found that particularly for older adult females, self-rated wellness was closely related to holding a spouse. Overall, participants who were of really good or first-class physical wellness were approximately 1.7 times more likely to demo an involvement in sex than did participants of less than good wellness. As Lindau ( 2010 ) puts it, when compared to adult females, work forces tend to pass significantly more of their life being sexually active but, at the same clip, miss out on significantly more old ages of sexual activity as a effect of less than good wellness. This strong relationship between work forces ‘s wellness and expected continuance of a sexually active life may be partially attributable to chronic diseases but besides to intervention received for erectile disfunction ( Westlake et al. , 1999 ; Solomon, Man and Jackson, 2003 ; Burke et al. , 2007 ) . The United Nations ( 2007 ) have proposed that in the developed and developing states, a projection of people ‘s sexual activity as they become older can be utile in foretelling wellness demands and resources, sexual function-related services, the recovery from sexual disfunction due to illness, every bit good as the intervention for normally happening wellness conditions in the 3rd age. At the same clip, the want to protract the continuance of their sexual life can modify older people ‘s of import wellness behaviours ; mature grownups may for illustration quit smoke or take their medicine more earnestly if they expect that their action will advance a drawn-out and carry throughing sexual life ( United Nations, 2007 ) .I’I?I?I »I?I?I?I?I ±I† I?I ±Addis IB, Van Den Eeden SK, Wassel-Fyr CL, et Al. Sexual activity and map in middle-aged and older adult females. Obstet Gynecol 2006 ; 107:755-64. American Association of Retired Persons. Modern adulthood. Sexuality survey. Washington DC: AARP ; 1999. Araujo AB, Durante R, Feldman HA, Goldstein I, McKinlay JB. The relationship between depressive symptoms and male erectile disfunction: cross-sectional consequences from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Psychosom Med 1998 ; 60:458-65. Araujo AB, Mohr BA, McKinlay JB. Changes in sexual map in middle-aged and older work forces: longitudinal informations from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004 ; 52:1502-9. Bachmann GA, Leiblum SR. The impact of endocrines on menopausal gender: a literature reappraisal. Menopause 2004 ; 11:120-30. Bacon CG, Mittleman MA, Kawachi I, Giovannucci E, Glassser DB, Rimm EB. Sexual map in work forces older than 50 old ages of age: consequences from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Ann Intern Med 2003 ; 139:161-8. Bancroft, J. ( 2002 ) . The medicalization of female sexual disfunction: The demand for cautiousness. Archivess of Sexual Behavior, 31, 451-455. Burke JP, Jacobson DJ, McGree ME, Nehra A, Roberts RO, Girman CJ, et Al. Diabetess and sexual disfunction: consequences from the Olmsted County survey of urinary symptoms and wellness position among work forces. J Urol 2007 ; 177:1438-42. Calamidas EG. Promoting wellness gender among older grownups: educational challenges for wellness professionals. J Sex Educ Ther 1997 ; 22:45-9. Calasanti, T. M. , & A ; Slevin, K. F. ( 2001 ) . Gender, societal inequalities, and aging. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press. Camacho ME, Reyes-Ortiz CA. Sexual disfunction in the aged: age or disease? Int J Impot Res 2005 ; 17: Suppl 1: S52-S56. Cambois E, Robine JM, Hayward MD. Social inequalities in disability-free life anticipation in the Gallic male population, 1980-1991. Demography 2001 ; 38:513-24. Davey Smith G, Frankel S, Yarnell J. Sexual activity and decease: are they related? Findingss from the Caerphilly Cohort Study. BMJ 1997 ; 315:1641-4. Finger WW, Lund M, Slagle MA. Medicines that may lend to sexual upsets: a usher to appraisal and intervention in household pattern. J Fam Pract 1997 ; 44:33-43. Gorman M. Development and the rights of older people. In: Randel J, et al. , explosive detection systems. The ripening and development study: poorness, independency and the universe ‘s older people. London, Earthscan Publications Ltd.,1999:3-21. Gott M, Hinchliff S, Galena E. General practician attitudes to discoursing sexual wellness issues with older people. Soc Sci Med 2004 ; 58:2093-103. Hajjar RR, Kamel HK. Sex in the nursing place, portion 1: attitudes and barriers to sexual look. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2003 ; 4:152-6. Henderson-King, D. H. , & A ; Veroff, J. ( 1994 ) . Sexual satisfaction and matrimonial wellbeing in the first old ages of matrimony. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 11, 509-534. Isselbacher KJ, Martin JB, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Wilson JD, Kasper DL, eds. Harrison ‘s rules of internal medical specialty. 13th erectile dysfunction. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994:262. Janus SC, Janus CL. The Janus study on sexual behaviour. 1993. Cited in M. Wallace. Sexuality and aging in longterm attention. Ann Long-Term Care 2003 ; 11:53-9. Konstam V, Moser D, De Jong M. Depression and anxiousness in bosom failure. J Card Fail 2005 ; 11:455-63. Laumann EO, Gagnon JH, Michael RT, Michaels S. The societal organisation of gender: sexual patterns in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994:88. Laumann EO, Nicolosi A, Glasser DB, et Al. Sexual jobs among adult females and work forces aged 40-80 Y: prevalence and correlatives identified in the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors. Int J Impot Res 2005 ; 17:39-57. Laumann EO, Paik A, Glasser DB, et Al. A cross-national survey of subjective sexual wellbeing among older adult females and work forces: findings from the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors. Arch Sex Behav 2006 ; 35:145-61. Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Sexual disfunction in the United States: prevalence and forecasters. JAMA 1999 ; 281: 537-44. Carpenter LM, Nathanson I-CA, Kim YJ. Physical Women, Emotional Work force: Gender and Sexual Satisfaction in Midlife. Arch Sex Behav ( 2009 ) 38:87-107. Lindau, S.T. ( 2010 ) . Sexual activity, wellness, and old ages of sexually active life gained due to good wellness: grounds from two US population-based cross sectional studies of ageing. BMJ, 340, 810 Lindau ST, Laumann EO, Levinson W, Waite LJ. Synthesis of scientific subjects in chase of wellness: the Interactive Biopsychosocial Model. Perspect Biol Med 2003 ; 46: Suppl 3: S74-S86. Lindau ST, Leitsch SA, Lundberg KL, Jerome J. Older adult females ‘s attitudes, behaviour, and communicating about sex and HIV: a community-based survey. J Womens Health ( Larchmt ) 2006 ; 15:747-53. Lindau ST, Schumm L, Laumann E, Levinson W, O'Muircheartaigh C, Waite L. A survey of gender and wellness among older grownups in the United States. N Engl J Med 2007 ; 357:762-74. Morley JE, Tariq SH. Sexual disfunction in older individuals. In: Hazzard WR, Blass JP, Halter JB, Ouslander JG, Tinetti ME, eds. Principles of geriatric medical specialty and geriatrics. 5th erectile dysfunction. New York: McGraw- Hill, 2003:1311-23. Nicolosi A, Laumann EO, Glasser DB, et Al. Sexual behaviour and sexual disfunctions after age 40: the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors. Urology 2004 ; 64:991-7. Nicolosi A, Moreira ED Jr, Villa M, Glasser DB. A population survey of the association between sexual map, sexual satisfaction and depressive symptoms in work forces. J Affect Disord 2004 ; 82:235-43. Onder G, Penninx B, Guralnik JM, Jones H, Fried LP, Pahor M, et Al. Sexual satisfaction and hazard of disablement in older adult females. J Clin Psychiatry 2003 ; 64:1177-82. Palmore EB. Forecasters of the length of service difference: a 25-year followup. Gerontologist 1982 ; 22:513-8. Rheaume, C. , and Mitty, E. ( 2008 ) . Sex and familiarity in older grownups. Geriatric Nursing, 29, 342-349. Robinson JG, Mohlzan AE. Sexuality and quality of life. J Gerontol Nurs 2007 ; 33:19-27. Rosen RC, Wing R, Schneider S, Gendrano N. Epidemiology of erectile disfunction: the function of medical comorbidities and lifestyle factors. Urol Clin North Am 2005 ; 32:403-17. Satcher D. The sawbones general ‘s call to action to advance sexual wellness and responsible sexual behavior. US Department of Health and Human Services, 2001. Schover LR. Sexual jobs in chronic unwellness. In: Leiblum SR, Rosen RC, eds. Principles and pattern of sex therapy. New York: Guilford, 2000:398-422. Seidman, S. ( 1991 ) . Romantic yearnings: Love in America, 1830-1980. New York: Routledge. Solomon H, Man JW, Jackson G. Erectile disfunction and the cardiovascular patient: endothelial disfunction is the common denominator. Heart 2003 ; 89:251-3. Sprecher, S. ( 2002 ) . Sexual satisfaction in prenuptial relationships: Associations with satisfaction, love, committedness, and stableness. Journal of Sex Research, 39, 190-197. Steinke, E.E. , Wright, D.W. , Chung, M.L. , and Moser, D.K. ( 2008 ) . Sexual self-concept, anxiousness, and self-efficacy predict sexual activity in bosom failure and healthy seniors. Heart & A ; Lung, 37, 323-333. United Nations. World population ageing 2007. UN, 2007. Westlake C, Dracup K, Walden JA, Fonarow G. Sexuality of patients with advanced bosom failure and their partners or spouses. J Heart Lung Transplant 1999 ; 18:1133-8. World Health Organization ( 2001 ) . Definitions and indexs in household planning, maternal & A ; child wellness and generative wellness used in the WHO regional office for Europe. Reproductive, Maternal and Child Health European Regional Office. Revised March 1999 & A ; January 2001. Accessed on 25 April 2010 at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.euro.who.int/document/e68459.pdf World Health Organization. Specifying sexual wellness: study of a proficient audience on sexual wellness, 28-31 January 2002. Geneva, 2002. www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/gender_rights/defining_sexual_health/en/index.html. 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The Naturalists Of American Literature - 1087 Words

Jordan Wilson Cole Tracee Howell American Literature 4/9/2015 The Naturalists of American Literature Henry David Thoreau tests the ideas of Ralph Waldo Emerson by living at a place known as Walden Pond. Here at Walden Pond, Thoreau discovers that in a physical aspect, nature brings a deepness into our minds and into our souls. One’s imagination is uplifted, and this changes a person’s entire perspective of life. Both Thoreau and Emerson believed that nature forces people to not have to depend on others ideas. People are able to develop their own ideas in a more simplistic way. Nature’s ever-changing way continues the search for new explanations of human life. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau are considered to be two of the†¦show more content†¦Here Emerson explains how people take from what their ancestors and others before them have said and do not think twice about trying new things for themselves. Emerson decides not to conform to the modern way of society, but instead to be an individual and find things out for himself. Thoreau takes this idea of life and puts it to test at Walden Pond where he lives alone almost completely off of the land. Thoreau had almost no resources from the civilized world and hardly ever communicated with anyone but nature itself. Thoreau’s idea at Walden Pond was for him to become more in tune with the natural world and to be able to create the literature that is known in the world today. In Emerson’s work â€Å"Nature,† Emerson believes that by being in a simple environment, a person is able to see things more in depth and in a more complex way. Emerson states,  "Standing on the bare ground- my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into space- all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the universal being circulate through me; I am part or particle of god† (1827-1828). Emerson’s thoughts are deeper, and his mind is open to any ideas that nature may bring his way. When simplicity of character and the sovereignty of ideas is broken up by the prevalence of secondary desires, the desires of riches, of pleasure, of power, and of praise,- and

Essay on International Trade Simulation - 987 Words

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However, international trade guides a safeguard of interests, specific business contract, defined law, forum of dispute settlement, and understanding of contract clauses. â€Å"A working knowledge of international law helps business owners and managers with global interests reduceRead MoreTheoretical Justification Of The Gravity Model1583 Words   |  7 Pagesmode has been successful in its accurate prediction of the trade flows between countries for the goods and services traded. However, most scholars believed that there were no existences of the theoretical justification for the gravity equation. In almost all the economic models, gravity relationship often arise including trade costs that tend to increase with distance. Besides estimation of the patterns involved in the international trade, gravity model presents utilizes factors that are closely relatedRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Balance of Payments of India and China1657 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of Two Trade Integration Approaches By Przemyslaw Kowalski Discussion Matthieu Bussià ¨re European Central Bank New Delhi, 7 December 2007 Note: The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the ECB. Main assessment of the paper †¢ A very nice overview of a key topic Useful comparison China/India A valuable effort to collect relevant data †¢ †¢ Two main assets: discussion of trade policy and model simulations Main suggestion: refocus

`` Friends With Benefits `` Vs. `` Blended `` Romantic...

â€Å"Friends with Benefits† vs. â€Å"Blended†: Romantic Comedies Several people believe women prefer romantic comedies, than action movies, but I could not find statistical researches about the topic. The truth is that the majority of my girlfriends voted for romantic comedies, because these movies invigorate love, trust, inspiration, and above all, happiness instead of sadness. Romantic movies are classic, kissing, love at first sight, heartbreaking love; however, romantic comedies added the art of laughter, transforming romantic movies into attractive, and relaxing movies. It is a pleasure to watch romantic movies; therefore, difficult to decide which one is my favorite. Recently, two of the movies I loved to watch were, â€Å"Friends with Benefits†, and â€Å"Blended†. In my opinion, both are amazing in its genre, romantic comedy, and captured the viewer’s laugh; nevertheless, the differences in the story plot, and character’s roles, are the causes for the opinions received from spectators, critics and myself. First, the differences, the story plot is essential to produce eye-catching movies, audiences has diverse preferences, even in the same issue. Nowadays, the movies tend to represent the reality of the relationships, more than the ideals relationships, which is typical in romantic movies. In the movie Friends with Benefits, an open mind relationship is the initial motor for Jamie Rellis (Mila Kunis), and Dylan Harper (Justin Timberlake). Jamie is a New York executive recruiter, herShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesOrienting, and Developing Employees 182 Managing Careers 208 PART 5 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 MAINTAINING HIGH PERFORMANCE Establishing the Performance Management System 230 Establishing Rewards and Pay Plans 260 Employee Benefits 286 Ensuring a Safe and Healthy Work Environment 312 PART 6 Chapter 14 LABOR–MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTS Understanding Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining 340 Endnotes 367 Glossary 389 Company Index 395 Subject Index 398 v Contents Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPrograms and Motivation Theories 252 Using Rewards to Motivate Employees 252 What to Pay: Establishing a Pay Structure 252 †¢ How to Pay: Rewarding Individual Employees Through Variable-Pay Programs 253 †¢ Flexible xii CONTENTS Benefits: Developing a Benefits Package 257 †¢ Intrinsic Rewards: Employee Recognition Programs 259 Summary and Implications for Managers 261 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Job’s Motivating Potential? 240 Myth or Science? â€Å"CEO Pay Can’t Be Measured†Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesTable 9.1 Table 9.2 Table 9.3 Table 10.1 Table 10.2 Knowledge constituting philosophical assumptions Hierarchy of science and organization theory Fatalism and optimism in the ‘new’ modernist organization Bell’s stages of societal development Fordism vs. post-fordism The incidence of part-time work in European Union member states Modernism versus postmodernism Affirmative versus sceptical postmodernism The changing condition of knowledge Pay and profits: Long run performance of FTSE 100 companies (2002

Iron Crowned Chapter 25 Free Essays

â€Å"Ow.† I squeezed my eyes shut as another wave of nausea rolled through me. Control, control. We will write a custom essay sample on Iron Crowned Chapter 25 or any similar topic only for you Order Now A few deep breaths later, I opened my eyes and met Dorian’s gaze. â€Å"Unexpected,† he said in that dry way of his. â€Å"And unwelcome.† I sat at the base of his throne in the banquet hall, which was packed. It must have been mealtime, but no one was paying attention to the food. They were all on their feet, staring at the evening entertainment that had literally dropped into their midst. I peered around, wondering how I’d been drawn to this spot and then found it – the Slinky I’d left here as my anchor. It had once had its own little room, but now sat on a table beside Dorian’s throne, one he kept small treasures and knickknacks on to amuse him when holding court. Odd placement. There was no time to ponder that, though. I turned to Jasmine who looked as disoriented and sick as I felt but didn’t seem to have suffered any permanent damage. Her body and soul were intact, which was what counted. I looked back at Dorian and tried to stand up, but my legs gave way beneath me. I started to fall and clutched his robe instinctively. Jasmine, with surprising speed, moved in to catch my arm and steady me. â€Å"Hospitality,† I gasped out. â€Å"Please.† Dorian’s unwelcome comment had been a reminder that I currently didn’t have hospitality and that I was technically trespassing and fully vulnerable to attack within his walls. Yet, the fact that I hadn’t already been removed was a good sign, and though his expression more or less remained unchanged, there was a spark of curiosity in his eyes. He couldn’t ignore me on my knees, begging him for protection. Not yet. No matter how angry he was at me, this kind of novelty was too irresistible for his nature. He started to speak, undoubtedly ready with some witty quip, but was interrupted when Jasmine clutched at him and added her pleas to mine. â€Å"Please. Give us your protection. Hurry!† Dorian frowned, no longer able to hide his curiosity and surprise. â€Å"The daughters of Storm King, begging me for help after one made it quite clear she didn’t ever want to see me again. Do tell me why I shouldn’t have you thrown out or imprisoned.† He paused thoughtfully. â€Å"Or ransomed back to your own people. Quite a profit there, I imagine.† â€Å"Dorian – † I began. Suddenly, there was a commotion at the hall’s entrance. A cluster of Dorian’s guards appeared – with Kiyo between them. I wasn’t surprised he’d showed up so quickly. My mark would have led him right to me, and while he couldn’t jump directly into Dorian’s castle, he’d probably crossed over right in front of the gates. â€Å"Sire,† said one of the guards. â€Å"He seeks entrance – â€Å" Kiyo wore that fierce, raging expression, and no one in that room could have any doubt that he was there ready for battle. Dorian’s guards certainly had picked up on it, and they closed ranks as he strode forward. I had a feeling Kiyo wanted to fight right through them, but reason and self-control held him at bay – for now. Meanwhile, at the sight of him, I managed to make my legs work again and scrambled to my feet. Jasmine grasped my hand, helping me rise, and as one, we backed up slightly so that we stood in line with Dorian. The world reeled a little, but I refused to show my weakness. I would not faint. â€Å"Get rid of him,† I said, trying not to sound hysterical. â€Å"Deny him hospitality and throw him out.† â€Å"She’s an outcast here,† growled Kiyo, fists clenched. â€Å"And this has nothing to do with you. Send her away.† Tension and silence filled the space between all of us, and all eyes swiveled to Dorian. Neither Kiyo nor I – nor Jasmine, for that matter – had hospitality and protection within Dorian’s household at the moment. We had no guarantees of safety. Hell, if Kiyo decided to attack me right now, no one had to intervene. We would be a great dinner show. I wondered how good a defense Jasmine and I could put up, if it would be enough to give us a chance to escape to my own land if Dorian wouldn’t help us. I could guess Dorian’s thoughts – or rather, his confusion. That Kiyo would be on the verge of killing me made no sense. Asking why would go against Dorian’s natural, all-knowing fa;ade. Plus, Kiyo and I weren’t his favorite people right now. Giving in to either of us meant a concession Dorian didn’t want to make. â€Å"Hail to you!† An unexpected, raspy voice made me jump, and even Dorian flinched a little. From the crowd, Masthera had emerged, her white hair streaming behind her and eyes as wide as ever. She came forward with purpose and – to my total astonishment – fell onto her knees before me. She stared up at me, and I expected that usual scattered and crazy look. Instead, I saw awe and rapture. Worship, even. â€Å"Hail to you, Queen of Rowan and Thorn. Hail to you, bringer of life, bringer of life. I see it – I see the life growing within you, the mother who will fulfill the prophecy!† She reached a skeletal hand toward my stomach, and I jerked away from her grasp. â€Å"Don’t touch me!† I exclaimed. â€Å"I see it,† she cried. â€Å"You shine, Queen of Rowan and Thorn. You carry the heir. You shine with it.† â€Å"Dorian!† exclaimed Kiyo, drawing our attention back. His expression had grown dark at Masthera’s words. Full disclosure was the last thing he wanted. â€Å"Give her to me! Stay out of this!† I again looked pleadingly at Dorian. â€Å"He’s going to try to kill me,† I said. â€Å"If you throw me out, he and Maiwenn will come after me. Please give us your hospitality.† Dorian – like most everyone in the hall – had been left dumbstruck by Masthera’s proclamation. Dorian forcibly schooled his face back to neutrality, but the gaze he turned on me was so heavy and penetrating that I was nearly knocked to my knees again. â€Å"Is it true?† he asked in a low voice that probably only Jasmine heard. â€Å"Are you pregnant?† There was no point in lying or pretending. I gave a swift nod. His next question nearly broke my heart. He tried so hard to keep his voice level and strong, but I heard the break in it, the longing and desperation. â€Å"Is it – is there any chance – is it – â€Å" He couldn’t finish but didn’t need to. He wanted to know if he was the father. A million thoughts raced through my head. Would things have been different if we’d actually had intercourse the last time we were together? Would I have gotten pregnant with his child, instead of Kiyo’s? Maybe. Maybe not. Sex didn’t always lead to pregnancy, especially with the gentry. I could still have ended up with Kiyo’s babies or been left with a talk show?Cworthy paternity dispute. If Dorian had been the one to get me pregnant, my future would have been signed and sealed. He would have moved heaven and earth to keep me safe. As it was, I probably could have lied now. The gentry had no paternity tests. That would have simplified things – but I couldn’t do it. â€Å"No,† I said softly. Dorian’s features stilled, and a surprising wave of regret and sorrow filled me in response to the cavalcade of emotions that had to be going through him as well. He had no reason to help me, not after what he saw as my betrayal. And certainly not with me carrying another man’s children. â€Å"Please,† said Jasmine. Her blue-gray eyes were large and desperate. I’d never seen her so humble and meek. And I’d certainly never expected to see it on my behalf. â€Å"Please help us. Please give us your hospitality. Your Majesty.† My eyes were still locked with Dorian’s, my heart still breaking over the hurt I’d caused him. Off to the side, I heard Kiyo warn Dorian again, â€Å"This is between Eugenie and me. Give her to me, and this ends. If you don’t, Maiwenn and God knows who else will get involved.† â€Å"I’m sorry,† I said to Dorian, my voice barely audible. â€Å"I’m so sorry.† â€Å"Please,† Jasmine repeated, nearly on the verge of tears now. â€Å"Hospitality.† The whole world hinged on Dorian. No one breathed. Then, abruptly, he turned away from me. â€Å"Granted,† he said crisply. â€Å"The daughters of Storm King are under my protection. Remove the kitsune, and do not allow him entrance again.† The guards were in motion almost before Dorian finished speaking. More had slipped into the room in the last minute or so, and it was a good thing too. Kiyo fought against all of them as they laid hands on him and began dragging him backward. They made little progress, so great were his struggles He was strong, so insanely strong, and it scared me to think what would have happened if I’d been left to him in my weakened state. â€Å"Dorian!† roared Kiyo, still fighting against the guards’ grip. â€Å"Don’t do this! You’ll regret it!† Dorian had returned to his normal laconic persona. â€Å"You will address me as ‘King Dorian’ or ‘Your Majesty,'† he replied. â€Å"And you will not disobey my orders within my home.† The floor trembled, and I heard a gasp from those gathered. Uneasily, I remembered an idle comment Dorian had once made, about how he could bring the castle down around us if he wanted to. The walls stayed intact, however, but a large section of the stone floor ripped up, eliciting more cries of fear. Before my eyes, the slab of stone morphed and stretched, then flew through the air toward Kiyo. It wrapped itself around his torso, enclosing his arms in a sort of magical strait-jacket. Kiyo, unsurprisingly, stopped struggling, but his shouts didn’t cease. â€Å"Eugenie! You don’t know what you’re doing! This isn’t over! Eugenie!† â€Å"Get him out,† said Dorian coldly. â€Å"Now. If he resists again or changes form, kill him.† The guards hurried to obey while Kiyo continued yelling his outrage at me, Dorian, and the world. I hoped they moved fast because Dorian had had a point. If Kiyo transformed into a fox, he’d slip out of his stone prison. Of course, he’d have to transform into a small fox, which would do little harm, but still. It would be a lot better for all of us once Kiyo was outside the walls. The guards must have succeeded because no more commotion followed. Jasmine turned to Dorian. â€Å"You should have killed him anyway,† she said flatly. Her standard response. The ghost of a smile flickered across Dorian’s lips, though his eyes were still hard. â€Å"You’re nearly as delightful as your sister,† he observed. â€Å"No matter how displeased I am at the two of you right now, I admit, things will certainly be entertaining with you around. And they will become very entertaining soon.† That was directed at me. â€Å"If you think you brought a war down before, you haven’t seen anything yet, my dear. You’ve caused me quite a bit of trouble.† I barely heard him. The adrenaline was fast fading from my body, and all the pain from fighting with Kiyo and then doing the forced transition began returning. I felt sick, and my surroundings were spinning once again. â€Å"Sorry,† I managed to say to Dorian, just before collapsing. How to cite Iron Crowned Chapter 25, Essay examples

Marketing Strategy Of RSL Clubs Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Strategy Of RSL Clubs in Australia. Answer: Introduction The purpose of the following paper is about discussing the various issues in the RSL clubs in Australia. The RSL clubs are mainly considered to be the organizations for the men and women who have served the Australian defense forces in their best times and now they are spending the retired lives. This is a very critical time in their lives since they must be feeling monotonous in their retired lives. This Returned and Services League caters to the support that the men and women need at that time. Some of the features that are observed in these RSL clubs across Australia are like the Ode of Remembrance for the servicemen who were martyred in the wars. This ritual is observed in those clubs at 6pm. Recent trends Some recent trends have been noticed in these night clubs in the recent times (Sweaney 2014). These clubs are meant for the ex servicemen to come and spend their time and get rid of their loneliness and monotony. While these things are not being performed in these clubs and on the contrary the opposite culture is taking its place there. The number of the ex servicemen is decreasing in alarming rates and the presence of the unwanted people are increasing in that place (Denniss and Baker 2012). This is measured by the fact that the decoration of the clubs are daggy, the meals are sold at $8 there and are subsidized, the culture of the past is removed by the bingo nights and fluorescent lighting in the clubs. The rate of alcohol intake is increasing as the the carpets can be seen as beer-soaked. The Allora RSL clubs is also facing these problems of the same context. They are facing a critical identity crisis and the number of competitors is increasing (Lovelace 2012). The members are decreasing so amarketing strategy should be prepared for reviving the lost glory of the Allora RSL club. Marketing strategy: PEST Analysis Political factors Australia is a democratic and politically stable country so it is the duty of the government to provide the ex-servicemen with the best facilities (Jurevicius 2013). The Australian government and the political parties should interfere in this matter and discuss about the current scenario and consult with the ex-servicemen about what to be done. Economic factors The government should be looking after the major economic issues. The economic challenges are there as the clubs have to provide the food at a subsidized rate. The economy of Australia has been suffering from the inflation that has been a major issue as the clubs are not being able to provide the proper infrastructure that is needed for the maintenance of the clubs (Ferroni and Mojon 2014). Social factors The social factor that is in question of the RSL clubs is that the membership is falling and the beer bottles are being scattered here and there. The ex-servicemen are not interested to go there as the morale has fallen. This situation has to be overcome (Jurevicius 2013). Technological factors Allora RSL club has to apply some technological advancement into their operations since they have to be ahead of their rivals or competitors like Ashgrove RSL club in Queensland. They must attract the ex-servicemen by making proper advertisements and make them come to their club through using the social media. SWOT analysis Strengths The Allora RSL club is located at such a place where they can get more people to come into their club (Grant 2016). They offer very good discount rates for the food and spending quality time. They sell the food at an affordable rate at subsidized rates. Weaknesses Allora RSL club is not being able to draw the ex-servicemen by social media. The club has not provided the perfect atmosphere required inside the club premises. Opportunities Allora club must try to open more branches in the remote areas of the suburb. They must try to attract the youth cultured people so that they can be the representative faces of the club (Grant 2016). Threats The rivals are increasing for Allora club and they must implement certain strategies for the betterment of the club. The financial crisis of the club is hampering their operations. Differentiation from other competitors Allora RSL club has provided a good service to its members and they have been very consistent about it. Though, the RSL clubs have not been able to provide the proper atmosphere to its members, Allora RSL club has been doing very well in this business and been able to hold its good reputation. Status quo of the organization If the status quo remains in the organization and no changes take place, the organization will suffer setbacks one after another as they will be lacking the proper agenda to develop the clubs infrastructure. If the infrastructure does not improve, they will not be able to communicate with the potential customers of the club (Helleiner 2014). Changes to be taken place Some changes have to take place within the organization. This will require taking up certain strategies. They have to take the help of the technology to install some computers and monitor the performance of the employees of the club Helleiner They will also need to communicate with the potential customers to attract them towards their club. Target group segmentation The need for segmenting the target group is very essential for Allora RLS club (Riefler, Diamantopoulos and Siguaw, 2012). They should be looking to focus on their target groups properly so that they can identify what things to focus on to improve the services. They should be focusing on the young people who are in their twenties rather than the people in their thirties. This is because the young people in their twenties have a better access to the telecommunications and digital technology. Process of attracting the young people The notion that the RLS clubs are only for the older people to attend has to be overcome. This is because the older people are not attending this anymore to that extent. The need to revive the Allora RLS club is very much important. They have to arrange certain programs for the target people (Alberts, Nakayama and Martin, 2015). They can arrange seminars and club meetings where all the members would be present. This would be helpful for the young people to join the club along with programs to communicate with various parts of the society. The communication technology tools have to be utilized properly by the young people. Career development programs can also be arranged by the Allora RLS club actively. Improvement in decoration The decoration of the Allora RLS club must be improved in order to attract the people of the young generation. A survey can be organized on the favorite icons of the target people (Jiang, Wang and Zhao, 2012). According to that, the pictures of those icons can be held up on the walls of the club. Better lighting arrangements have to be made so that the young people can be motivated to show their creativity. They can also exchange their ideas with the older people to gather more knowledge. The perfect color combination has to be applied that will be in line with the clubs visions. Ways of reaching the youth culture It has been observed that the young people are much obsessed with mobile phones. This can be seen as an opportunity to capitalize on their target markets (Goggin 2012). They can be communicated by their mobile numbers in quick time and important information can be sent to their mobiles by SMS. These SMSs will contain some of the major things that they should know to be a part of the Allora RLS club. The things that can be sent to them through SMS are:- The ethics to be maintained in the club premises The rules and regulations that have to be followed The agenda of the club and the objectives they want to attain The timeline of their major programs The prohibitions regarding the intake of alcohol Conclusion This paper can be concluded by saying that Allora RLS club has lost its ground partially in the recent past but they will have to gain some of that ground so that they can revive their place among the RLS clubs. There are threats from the rivals of the clubs and they must be looking to overcome those threats by bringing the young generation into play. This will be really helpful for them if they manage to do it successfully. References Alberts, J.K., Nakayama, T.K. and Martin, J.N., 2015.Human communication in society. Pearson. Denniss, R. and Baker, D., 2012. Who knew Australians were so co-operative?.The Australia Institute. Canberra, Australia. Ferroni, F. and Mojon, B., 2014.Domestic and global inflation. mimeo. Gharakhani, D., Maghferati, P. and Jalalifar, S., Quality improvement of organization and organizational culture. Goggin, G., 2012.Cell phone culture: Mobile technology in everyday life. Routledge. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Helleiner, E., 2014.The status quo crisis: Global financial governance after the 2008 meltdown. Oxford University Press. Jiang, J., Wang, S. and Zhao, S., 2012. Does HRM facilitate employee creativity and organizational innovation? A study of Chinese firms.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(19), pp.4025-4047. Jurevicius, O., 2013. PEST PESTEL Analysis.Strategic Management Insight,13, p.2013. Lovelace, N., 2012. History of the Queensland Country Women's Association:'More than tea and scones'.Queensland History Journal,21(9), p.601. Riefler, P., Diamantopoulos, A. and Siguaw, J.A., 2012. Cosmopolitan consumers as a target group for segmentation.Journal of International Business Studies,43(3), pp.285-305. Sweaney, K., 2014. The place to be.Australasian Leisure marketing Management, (103), p.42.